Source : http://www.oecd.org
Extrait :
"Recent refugees from Syria are more skilled than other groups and those who came, for example, during the Yugoslav wars in the 1990s. There are more unaccompanied minors (children without a responsible adult to care for them) arriving now than previously.
Arrivals of unaccompanied minors are increasing
A particularly striking and worrying characteristic of the current refugee crisis is the large number of unaccompanied minors (UAMs) among asylum seekers. Regardless of whether unaccompanied minors are considered asylum seekers or not, responsibility for them falls on the state – and often the municipality – where they are identified. Even when minors come from countries from which asylum applications are rarely successful, they often go into the asylum process.
In 2014, the 24 000 unaccompanied minors applying for asylum comprised 4% of all asylum seekers in the EU.
Not all unaccompanied minors go into the asylum system. In Italy, for example, of 10 500 UAMs under state care in 2014, only 24% had applied for asylum. The situation is similar in Greece, where prior to the reform of the asylum process almost none of the minors applied for asylum. In France, the number of UAMs applying for asylum actually fell in 2014 – to fewer than 300 - while the number under state guardianship was close to 4 000.
Since UAMs live in open centres, many move out, including to other European countries to meet up with family.
About one-third of the UAMs in Italy vanish from the reception centres, often shortly after arrival.
Other countries see minors staying. Sweden was already struggling with the rising numbers of UAMs in 2012 before it received about 4 000 UAMs in 2013 and 7 500 in 2014, almost all of whom went into the asylum system.
UAMs represent an enormous challenge in terms of providing housing, supervision, schooling and support measures for minors.
In Greece, for example, more than 2 000 minors needed to be placed in housing in 2014, in the midst of a dire economic crisis and an overwhelmed asylum system.
A further complication is the need to prepare UAMs, who often arrive at 16 or 17 years of age with little or no formal schooling, for integration into society.
Traditional schooling may not be an option, and upon turning 18, they leave state guardianship, even if they have yet to complete their basic education in the new country."